A joint or articulation is the pint of contact between two bones. There are different types of joints but the ones of most interest are synovial joints. These are the types of joints that allow movement. There are six types of synovial joints: ball and socket, hinge, gliding joint ellipsoid joint, saddles joint and pivot joint.
Shoulder
Scapula
Elbow
Forearm
Wrist
Vertebral Column
Ribs / Thorax
Cervical Spine
Hip
Knee
Ankle
Pelvis

Shoulder (glenohumeral joint)

Action Muscles Involved
flexion anterior deltoid
pectoralis major (upper)
biceps brachii
coracobrachialis
extension posterior deltoid
latissimus dorsi
teres major
triceps brachii (long head)
infraspinous
teres minor
pectoralis major (lower)
horizontal abduction posterior deltoid
infraspinous
teres minor
horizontal adduction anterior deltoid
pectoralis major (upper)
abduction deltoid
supraspinous
adduction latissimus dorsi
teres major
infraspinous
teres minor
pectoralis major
tricep brachii (long head)
coracobrachialis
lateral rotation / external rotation posterior deltoid
infraspinous
teres minor
medial rotation / internal rotation anterior deltoid
latissimus dorsi
teres major
subscapularis
pectoralis major
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Scapula (scapulothoracic joint)

Action Muscles Involved
elevation upper trapezius
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
levator scapula
depression lower trapezius
serratus anterior
pectoralis minor
adduction / retraction middle trapezius
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
abduction / protraction serratus anterior
pectoralis minor
upward rotation upper and lower trapezius
downward rotation rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
levator scapula
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Elbow (humeroulnar joing and humeroradial joint)

Action Muscles Involved
flexion biceps brachii
brachialis
brachioradialis
pronator teres
extension triceps brachii
aconeus
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Forearm (proximal and distal radioulnar joints)

Action Muscles Involved
supination biceps brachii
supinator
brachioradialis
pronation pronator teres
pronator quadratus
bracchioradialis
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Wrist (radiocarpal joint)

Action Muscles Involved
extension extensor digitorum
flexion flexor digitorum
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Vertebral Column

Action Muscles Involved
flexion rectus abdominis
external oblique and internal obliques work bilaterally
extension bilaterally: longissimus, iliocostalis, multifidus, rotatores, intertransversii
semispinalis capitis
quadratus lumborum
interspinalis
latissimus dorsi
rotation (all muscles work unilaterally) to opposite side: multifidus, rotatores, external obliques
same side:internal oblique
lateral flexion (all muscles work unilaterally to the same side) spinalis
longissimus
latissimus dorsi
iliocostalis
quadratus lumborum
external oblique
internal oblique
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Ribs/Thorax

Action Muscles Involved
elevation / expansion muscles work bilaterally: scalene (anterior, psoterior, middle), sternocleidomastoid, external intercostals
serratus posterior
pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
serratus anterior
subclavius
depression / collapse internal intercostals
serratus posterior inferior
inhalation diaphragm
scalene (anterior, middle, posterior) all work bilaterally
sternocleidomastoid
external intercostals
serratus posterior superior
quadratus lumborum
pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
serratus anterior
subclavius
exhalation internal costals
serratus posterior inferior
external oblique
internal oblique
transverse abdominis
quadratus lubmorum
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Cervical Spine

Action Muscles Involved
flexion bilaterally:sternocleidomastoid
anterior scalene
longus capitis
longus colli
extension bilaterally:upper trapezius, levator scapuls, splenius capitis, splenius cervicis
rectus capitis posterior major oblique capitis suuperior
se,ispinalis capitis
lognissimus capitis
longissimus cervicis
iliocostalis cervicis
rotation (unilaterally to the opposite side) upper trapezius
sternocleidomastoid
anterior, middle, posterior scalene
rotation (unilaterally to the opposite side) levator scapula
splenius capitis
splenius cervicis
rectus capitis posterior major
oblique capitis inferior
longus colli
longus capitis
longissimus capitis
longissimus cervicis
iliocostalis cervicis
lateral flexion (unilaterally in the same direction) upper trapezius
levator scapula
splenius capitis
splenius cervicis
sternocleidomastoid
longus capitis
longus colli
anterior, middle, posterior scalene
longissimus capitis
longissimus cervicis
iliocostalis cervicis
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Hip Joint (coxal)

Action Muscles Involved
flexion rectus femoris
gluteus medius (anterior)
gluteus minimus
adductor magnus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
pectineus
tensor fasciae latae
sartorius
psoas major
iliacus
extension biceps femoris
semitendinous
seimembranosus
gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
adductor magnus
medial rotation / internal rotation semitendinousus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
adductor magnus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
gracilis
pectineus
tensor fasciae latae
lateral rotation / external rotation biceps femoris
gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
sartorius
piriformis
quadratus femoris
obturator internus
obturator externus
gemelllus superior
gemellus inferior
psoas major
iliacus
abduction gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae
sartorius
piriformis
adduction adductor magnus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
pectineus
gracilis
psoas major
iliacus
gluteus maximus
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Knee (tibiofemoral joint)

Action Muscles Involved
flexion biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
gracilis
sartorius
gastrocnemius
popliteus
plantaris
extension rectus femoris
vastus lateralils
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
memdial rotation of flexed knee semitendinosus
semimembranosus
gracilis
sartorius
popliteus
lateral rotation of flexed knee biceps femoris
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Ankle (talocrural joint)

Action Muscles Involved
plantar flexion gastrocnemius
soleus
tibialis posterior
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
plantaris
dorsiflexion tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
inversion tibialis anterior
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
extensor hallucis longus
eversion Peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
extensor digitorum longus
flexion of second-fifth toes flexor digitorum longus
flxor digitorum brevis
extension of second-fifth toes extensor digitorum longus Top

Pelvis

Action Muscles Involved
anterior tilt / downward rotation latissimus dorsi
posterior tilt / upward rotation biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
psoas minor
lateral tilt / elevation quadratus lumborum
latissimus dorsi
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